Historians historical prejudices because placed the first hermeneutics from 1800. Plato forges philosophy where the literature does not tell the truth and philosophy provides the basis for any knowledge. Plato is the founder of Western hermeneutics, understood as a theory of interpretation, not only to discuss technical texts. Before they discussed Plato and texts (Homer, Hesiod ...) and the sophists commented poets. The sophists used different techniques, but only Plato used the dialogue. They also used the myth, the great speech or commentary on the poems. Grammatical gender (masculine, feminine ...) emerge in these comments to the poets and the verb arise discussing ways to Homer. The sophists presented themselves as the alternative to the poets bring out the poets to show that we need a new doctrine. Comments are philosophical or moral. In this environment we need to put Plato. Plato founded hermeneutics rejecting poetry as a method of speech.
The Ion of Plato
The poetry speaks from itself simply copies manifestations of reality. Poetry is an imitation of an imitation, because the real world is that of ideas, and this world would only be an imitation.
In Plato Ion faces both the poet and the bard. The reciter is reciting his own poems or other, brings the figure of the troubadour (yours) and the minstrel (the other). In Greece there was no notion of "intellectual property" so that progress could also invent and add verses to the poem (this improvisation will also be given from birth). This is the way they had spread in Greece. Since these people improvise, also renew the Greek culture, as they introduce something elements inherited so that public values \u200b\u200bare introduced into the work (It was not the same as speaking in Corinth to speak at Miletus, because the interests are different.) The rhapsody function is also another: also commented on the work (moral commentary and grammar). Has an important cultural role. For Plato the bard is playing poets, and poets are interpreters of the gods, so that the bard is a shell of an interpreter. "Hermeneus" in Greek means interpreter. The first performers are the oracles (diviners, is a religious act.) The soothsayers were a public institution (in the temples). The answers were not clear, allegedly went into ecstasy by a god who spoke through them. There were priests who were engaged to translate what he said the seer.
A sacred world, a world figure. Deciphering what is given here. Interpretation is to find (out) God's will within the message. The message has a meaning, but it is also imperative that they seek to fulfill what they say. The message is both an expression as an imperative, as a divine message.
Just as the bard has to give meaning to the poet. Plato interpretation excludes the biography of the author, the bard does not have to get into this. It tries to interpret what is said in the text, from the text itself. The author's intention is exposed in the same text. What they mean what they say in their own text. The meaning has priority over the signifier.
The role of the bard and will not be repeated, or invent, but to understand the meaning of what he is saying to discover the meaning-intention of the author ie the bard becomes a philosopher. The bard must be able to explain and justify what he says or claims. This knowledge has always reasoned and justified the value True or False. The notion of meaning in Plato is always linked to the notion of truth. Of meaning can always tell if it is True or False.
An interpreter is who has the ability to say what the poet says is true or false. Interpretation is not only decrypt a message, but also question it. Therefore, the bard judge and only has the capacity to judge the philosopher. The concept of interpretation thus becomes a philosophical concept.
Ion Socrates Reviews
"It is not able to distinguish between the signifier and signified, so Ion expert only a poet. If you really knew Homer, for example, would be able to judge also Hesiod. Ion would be an expert in significant but not significant. Really
-bard is not a universal knowledge (do not know everything) you have a general knowledge. The expert is someone in your field is able to rationally justify the claims made. A response alone would be a logos, but when it calls a logon didonai justification (rationale). The techne is the field of justification and poetry is a techne. The poet speaks of weapons, for example, but do not know weapons. Know much more than a general arms.
"If poetry is not a techne What is it? Plato say it is a hobby (in Greek means "crazy"), mental situation where the subject is out of himself (as the seer or the lover). It is a divine possession, the mania of the men, but it is the god who takes the initiative. Therefore, the mania has a sacred dimension. Manias always specialized (the muse who inspires the tragic poet is different to the muse who inspires the lyric poet, for example). The poet enters a trance when the god seizes him. In this trance they call it enthusiasm (Enthusiasm), and to be possessed by the god, the poet is a being deified, but is a being without insight to judge, without reflection. God acts in him, but he does not know what does. If you have a lot to do great poems. Poetry is a divine madness.
social function of poetry
Sophists poetic attempt to move the standing for the philosophical legitimacy. Plato is a continuation of this idea, the social order has to legitimize the philosophy, not poetry. Integration must be legitimate intellectual, through knowledge. Social classes, in Plato, are based on knowledge of each class. The social axis introduces Plato is the axis of knowledge. The philosopher king would be the prototype. Poetry presents an ideal social order in which all conflicts are resolved, while Plato believes that the conflict is the essence of social order, hence to propose a type of society to avoid conflict. So at the social level is also poetry in failure.
interactive dimension of competition
For Plato the poet is disposed with respect to their experience and should therefore be self-manage their energy. Wise is he who is part of their social world, who controls its power and dimensions. The poet is therefore antisabio, an outcast. Emotional dimensions brings into play to his audience, so it is underdeveloped. contrasts Plato philosophy, dialectics, poetry, so he founded a hermeneutics, which walks through different places and sometimes conflicting. Sometimes, like the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and modern times, this division has sought to be annulled.
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