About 1200 BC we have one of the first news of this town. In the wake of the Pharaoh Merneptah is written the name "Israel", referring to the "tribe" as a defeated tribe. Later there is little news in this town, the only reference we have of what follows is what appears in the Bible. This means they may not exist, but we will not go that route.
Before continuing it should be remembered line of events that would be:
Tribes of Israel are beginning to coalesce from the reign of Saul. After moving to the ancient tribes that lived there and take the land occupying a part of what will be known as later as Israel.
Around 1,000 BC establishing the kingdom of David, Saul's successor, a kingdom with a monarch. David extended his kingdom through military conquests, thus becomes the prototype of the Jewish king. This era is named after a book of the Bible, the "Judges" (Shoftim in Hebrew, meaning "chief or leader). David begins to centralize the order (and power) of the tribes and religious core set as Jerusalem, the place associated with IAHV where IAHV be elected as patron god of the Hebrews. During this time other than the "elohim" (gods), the Jews have a protective god of the gods defend them protectors of other people against that war to defend the "promised land." The name of this god is IAHV and was appointed for the first time in the flight from Egypt of Moses, when he fled to Midian. Moses escaped from Egypt because he has committed a murder IAHV look like a good deed:
"In those days, Moses, senior, was where his brothers. He saw his hard work and watched an Egyptian mistreating a brother, a Hebrew. He looked around, saw that there was no one he killed the Egyptian and buried in the sand. Also came the next day. He saw two Hebrews quarreling, and told the attacker: "Why are you hitting your neighbor?" He replied, "Who has constituted ruler and judge over us? Do you think to kill me as you killed the Egyptian? "Moses feared and said:" The thing is known. " The Pharaoh was also aware of what happened and tried to kill Moses. "
Exodus 2, 11-16
In the northern kingdom of Israel also worshiped the god Baal, but the chief god or "more important" was IAHV:
"(...) and are not sufficient to imitate the sins of Jeroboam, son of Nabat, took to wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal, king of Sidon, and served and worshiped Baal. Built an altar to Baal in the temple of Baal which he built in Samaria "
1 Kings 16, 31-32
Thus some religious unification is achieved. Note that Jerusalem has not always been Jewish city, but was conquered by them. The promised land previously belonged to other people.
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