EASTER IDEA
Not only is the belief in one God, but the belief in a God who dies and rises, and that is what awaits every human being that will rise after death (raise the body, there is still a dualistic view.) It is a God who abolished death, death is not a definitive end. This idea arises from the persecution of Christians, drawn mainly by St. Paul in the century resurrection IDC This idea reaches the Hellenized Jewish world:
"In the second century BC there is this idea of \u200b\u200bdeath is end of life.
"In the early Christians, contemporary to Christ, there is a central idea, the central idea is that the arrival into the world of the kingdom of God is imminent.
"The testimony of the idea of \u200b\u200bresurrection is given in the second century. AC is given by the persecution of Emperor Antiochus IV (Macabeo) and will run from the second century AD in the Jewish sect of Christians.
"In the second century AD (In 280 AD) appears in the" Avesta "Persian (the first part was developed in 1000 BC and the second part in 500 BC) is a direct reference the resurrection of the dead through the character of the magician Kerder (religious leader). So this idea of \u200b\u200bresurrection of the dead is not within the Jewish world from Persia, but it seems rather backwards. Agrees and gives importance to this idea to close doors to Christianity, as promised life after death and that was very attractive.
The idea born in the Jewish framework will be developed in the sector of mostly Christian and be developed by St. Paul. Paul will argue that the new "new" must have a universal, not just Jewish. In his travels will go to villages where Platonists Greeks predominate. These people have developed the idea of \u200b\u200bimmortality of the soul, an idea that did not believe either Jesus or Paul, this idea is not present in them. The only book of the Bible which expresses this idea of \u200b\u200bimmortal soul is in the book "Wisdom Solomon. " It is a book written in Greek, written in the first century BC by a Jew of Alexandria. This book is embodied in the Christian Bible, but not in Hebrew. Latest work is added to the Old Testament. The author is well aware of Greek philosophy and in turn is Jewish (and monotheistic states) and 1.13 Sab says: "God has made death", the Greek says that he created all things (ta panta) to the be (eis to einai). You are talking in Greek philosophical language. According to this idea there would be nothing, with this idea of \u200b\u200bGod is all good, leads to a conception in which death disappears, it would to life, will be a different state of being. Death (not be) does not exist, there are states of being. The author also introduces the term psyche (soul), a term which is also relatively new in the Greek world (meaning, not the word psyche in the Homeric world would be the last breath of dying), at this time is something psyche station in a person who remains and is immortal (the I). This elaboration that there is a self that survives beyond death will occur with Pythagoras (sixth century BC). Parmenides also talks about this idea of \u200b\u200breincarnation (at death the body the soul goes from one body to another) in his poem. Also Orphism promoting these ideas. Orphic not know too much (of its members) but it can be assumed that arises in the V century BC (just before Empedocles which will be influenced by the Orphism). In Orphism had initiation rites, was a high-class movement in which they were very concerned about individual survival (of each). One idea that was not in Judaism.
Ideas about the immortal soul (reincarnation) do not come from the east:
"There was contact between India and Greece before
" This concept is also relatively new in India. In the "fences" is idea not present (or vegetarianism, or castes ....) If you are in Buddha died in 480 BC so it is difficult here is the influence on Pythagoras.
At the time of Pythagoras the heroic idea of \u200b\u200b"imperishable glory" was failing, so this idea of \u200b\u200breincarnation replaces it, since it is also distinctive (not everyone is reincarnated). But if there was this idea of \u200b\u200bPsyche (I) Pythagoras could not have developed this idea that there is a nucleus that survives in several bodies. Plato and Pythagoras influenced Plato through this idea into the world of Christians, but cost much time you have a central place (until they assimilate this dualistic conception and only a few that will have an education that allows them to meet Plato). Until the year 500 BC The main idea is the resurrection of the body. To 1513 is not proclaimed as a truth of faith the idea of \u200b\u200bimmortality of the soul. This happens because it is very difficult to talk about the intangible, something that was hard to assimilate.
"Noli foras ire, in te ipsum redi, in interiors homine habitat veritas"
In man's inner truth dwells
(De vera religione, XXXIX, 72, St. Augustine)
San Augustine proposes to find God in yourself, there is a double movement internalization and elevation, and these movements are essential in the religion of the early Christian writers, proposed transforming the inner life, something that has not been proposed before in any religious conception. This transformation is moral rather than intellectual and insists on repentance. There is a difference between Greco-Roman scholars because they want to learn to accept death (Plato's philosophy is to learn to die) as a natural phenomenon and have a lucid view on the limits. You have to know the limits and the limit of life is death. This is far from the inner truth (God) of St. Augustine. Interior divine truth that is not to be a refuge, but requires an ongoing relationship with God and a constant voltage. For the wise pagan "I" have to go build it and involves a discussion with others, exposure of a thesis and discuss it with another was critical. For the model Christian (and Jewish) the truth is already within one and is necessary exegesis own soul. Within There is an interference (sins) that we must "win" and master to achieve the truth (God).
Foucault sees a deny himself, but he paid no attention to the traditions and Neopythagoreanism Neoplatonic that influence the Christian tradition. It pays no attention to Porfirio, Philostratus, etc.. and in these texts is an idea that is clear, the human idea imposed on oneself is not denied, but to be better yourself to become divine man (go from mortal to immortal.) It's something you could not think of before in any tradition. First we had to develop the idea of \u200b\u200bbodily resurrection and the idea of \u200b\u200b"immortal soul." Without the idea of \u200b\u200bbecoming immortal, there would be no martyrs.
Porfirio, the "Work on abstinence," argues against animal sacrifice. Talk about "become like God", an idea contrary to all previous tradition. All this implies to detect sins, everything is directed to the "sinful self", not "I like the Stoics. Christian introspection is an intense search for the "I sinner."
In the "Confessions" Augustine aspects Philosophy introduces "new." It is an inner, psychological journey of self sinner. This assessment of inner selves is given at this time and is a central idea in this era. It is an introvert to reform, as an extension of the person to approach for their imitation Two constant (near to God is to imitate the example par excellence and will be Christ). We must imitate the suffering too and this requires reading the New Testament. Jesus is a way of life, first had to have an idea of \u200b\u200bone God, an idea of \u200b\u200bimmortal soul and a sense of revelation (what you have to know is already in the book, provides the role model). Christians are defined in belief in a single myth found in a single text, a closed book already contains everything. This is a big difference with the ancient beliefs of the time, even contradictory to them.
From the year 70, when the Romans destroyed the Jerusalem Temple, Jews give more importance to the book, ignoring the sacrifices. In Christianity rejected the sacrifices and in turn reinterpret the sacrifice is to identify the martyr as one who sacrifices, martyrdom is a sacrifice to God. These Christian martyrs also make his death as a special kind of sacrifice to God, offering him most precious, life for oneself. In this sacrifice are themselves (the martyrs and virgins) the offering, and the Romans flip. It is a radical break with the idea of \u200b\u200breciprocity that existed before (I offer something to God for the benefit of something in life.) There is no such reciprocity. This may result in aberrant (as happens today when they kill in the name of Allah, for example). In Christianity there is always this double-sided, love of men and blood of Christ (religion of love and religion of the blood of Christ). Identify a sacrifice to God through martyrdom itself is something that comes from the second century. There are three key new elements in the first centuries of the Christian era
-New way to transform himself
-The "book" is something central
-End of sacrifice and reciprocity idea
The Empire Roman is a disintegration of the civic model. There is a crisis of participation, then entered the Roman Empire many religions. The elites want to be high, seeking individual salvation and there was a concern for the improvement and individual salvation. In this state they are with Christianity (which is considered true religion.) Before the sacred was public (individual, private, could not be holy). With Christians is reversed, the sacred is the private (internal world) and public (Roman society) the profane.
0 comments:
Post a Comment