XVIII Canto verses 98-127
"AQUILES.-Let me die on the spot, since I could not help his friend when he was killed, has died far from home and without me next to you get rid of the misfortune. Now, since I shall not return to his native land, nor have I saved Patroclus nor to the many friends who died at the hands of Hector, which remain on the ships useless weight of the earth, being in fight like no other the Achaeans, in brazen armor, as in the assembly other than me. Perish strife for the gods and men, and with her anger, which even the wise man encruelece as sweet as honey is placed in the chest and is growing like smoke. That irritated me the king of men, Agamemnon. But so be it, but afflicted, it is necessary to restrain the fury of the chest. I'll get the murderer of my dear friend, Hector, and I receive my doom when it Zeus and other gods. Neither the burly Heracies could get rid of her, beloved of sovereign Zeus son of Kronos, but the Grim Reaper and deadly anger of Hera made him succumb. So I, if I have the same death, lying in the grave when I die, but now will earn fame and glory that some midwives Troy and Dardania, deep within, giving strong with both hands, sighs and wiped tears from their tender cheeks. Long time know that I have refrained from fighting. And you, if you love me, allow me to fight, they failed to persuade. "
Achilles Thetis warns that once Hector dies, he dies shortly afterwards. Achilles' first reaction is that I do not mind living. Now she feels guilty for not having saved other friends in their retirement out of combat. There is a shift, you have to leave the anger, the anger now directed at the enemy. Achilles accepts death because the death of Patroclus has affected him greatly. What affects you now is not his own death, but of his friends, and especially that of Patroclus. Earlier in the ninth song, death was considered as the end of one's life, but now believes the death of others in one's life, which is what causes real pain.
Canto XIX, lines 315-338
"AQUILES." At one time, you, unhappy, the most beloved colleagues, I served in this shop, diligent and caring, a good dinner when the Achaeans were hurrying to work this tragic battle with the Trojans horse trainers. And now you lie, crossed by the bronze, and I'm fasting from food and drink, although not necessary, for the loneliness you feel. Nothing worse can happen to me, nor I knew that my father is dead, where perhaps there is crying in Phthia not be there with a son like me, while I fight with the Trojans in a foreign country because of the hateful Helena, or that my beloved son died that grows in Skyros, if indeed Neoptolemus is still living. Before the heart in my chest harbored the hope that only I perish here in Troy far from Argos, horse breeder, and you, again Phthia, you would go in a black ship fast Skyros, will pick up my son and show him all my property, possessions, slaves and high-ceilinged hall. I fight because I figure no longer exists, and if you've got a little life, is afflicted, will be overwhelmed by the hateful old age and fear always receive the sad news of my death. "
Achilles expresses extreme suffering and that suffering changes his perspective. Achilles Patroclus had not considered that he might die before he knew that he would die prematurely. This is something new for Achilles, the death of another is making him suffer greatly. Now that you have experienced this pain can be in place of another person suffering (his father, for example) a loved one. This is critical for the evolution of Achilles and allowed to give the end of the work (the meeting between Priam and Achilles). Achilles can now take the place of suffering (empathy). The role of the hero and not as something glorious praises, but as provocative pain of loved ones. Being in the field of battle no longer serves to bring glory, but to cause pain in those who had to leave. The longer the stay, the greater the pain. Is a critique of military values. The pain caused by a war begins when the fighter has to leave the world of emotions (loved ones).
Achilles can now return to glory at the battle because avenge the death of a friend is a primary duty.
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